Answer to Question 1
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Answer to Question 2
Containers, such as forms, Web pages, and frames, organize and present visual controls. They constitute the major units of visual interface.
Displayers, such as labels, graphs, or pictures, provide textual or pictorial information. The behavior of displayers can be dynamic or non-dynamic.
Editors, such as text boxes, accept textual or graphical input from the user. Whether textual or graphical, the behavior of an editor is decided by the context.
Selectors, such as dropdowns, option buttons, check boxes, and tree views, allow the user to choose between two or more options or values.
Executors allow the user to request the execution of specific commands from the application. Buttons and menus are the most familiar examples of this category.
Navigators allow the user to move among containers. Buttons, menu items, tree views, and hyperlinks are widely used as navigators.
Object Signifiers represent objects, their properties, and/or their methods. Icons are well-known as object signifiers, but not all icons are object signifiers or icons. Each object signifier has a default action and can perform a set of operations that are presented as a context menu.
Manipulators allow the user to control the appearance of the visual interface. The primary controls that perform the manipulator role are the forms or Web pages. After forms, however, scroll bars are the most widely used manipulators.
Pointers, such as cursors, are moving or movable symbols that indicate the position and the type of user actions.
Decorators, such as lines, colors, fonts, and pictures, do not contribute directly to the functionality of the user interface, but enhance its appearance, clarity, and aesthetic value.
Multifunctional controls, such as grids or menus, can play multiple roles in the same instance.
Vocals are sounds or speech that reinforce the visual interface.
Input/Output devices are hardware that allow the real-world users to interact with the virtual world of the information system. Application designers do not design the I/O devices, but they do design for them.