Answer to Question 1
D
Four primary contributions to the concept and development to advance practice nursing are the mid to
late 19th century creation of the role of the nurse anesthetist, 1925 Frontier Nursing Service in rural
Kentucky nurse midwifery, 1955 Rutgers University clinical nurse specialists, and in 1965 (not 1975)
University of Colorado nurse practitioners with Loretta Ford.
Answer to Question 2
Correct answers should include 2 points from each of the following categories.
o Schools of nursing can ease the transition of graduates through:
o preceptored clinical courses in the curriculum,
o summer externships,
o assistance for students in securing employment in health agencies during summer months,
o cooperative education programs,
o integration of paid work terms into the nursing program, and
o explaining the use of teaching strategies such as nursing care plans and clinical practice in community settings that do not hire nurses.
o Employers can ease the transition of the graduates through:
o orientation programs,
o mentorship programs,
o internships or residencies, and
o clinical experiences using patient simulation or on a special education unit.
Answer to Question 3
C
Nurse entrepreneurs plan organize, finance, and manage their own businesses (Leong, 2005).
Characteristics and attributes of effective nurse entrepreneurs include being a visionary, being self
motivated, taking risks, having common sense, being self confident, assertive (not aggressive),
autonomous, and creative, being responsive to a perceived need, and being market driven with good
financial foresight.