Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
Respect for the human dignity of the poor client is a major component of proactive care. This means that the nurse pays strict attention to personal biases and stereotypes so as not to distort assessment or implementation of nursing interventions. It means treating each client as culturally unique, with a set of assumptions and values regarding the disease process and its treatment, and acting in a nonjudgmental manner that respects the client's cultural integrity.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
A group is a social unit that can satisfy a person's need for belongingness. Groups are categorized as primary or secondary. Primary groups are formed early in life and are characterized by an informal structure and close personal relationships. Primary groups have a lifelong influence on self-identity and social behaviors. Group membership is automatic (e.g., in a family) or voluntarily chosen because of a common interest (e.g., long term friendship) and is open ended. Secondary groups are described as purposeful, planned, time-limited relationships with an established beginning and end. Secondary groups differ from primary groups in purpose and function because they have a prescribed structure; a designated leader; and specific goals. When the group completes its task or achieves its goals, the group disbands. People join secondary groups to meet personally established goals, to develop knowledge and skills, or because it is required by the larger community system to which the individual belongs. Work groups, social action, and health-related therapeutic or support groups are good examples.
Cross-sectional data showing that the amount of effort spent on personal health care increases with
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