Author Question: The nurse is conducting a cross-sectional study of people who are HIV positive and their exposure to ... (Read 51 times)

Zulu123 · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

The nurse is conducting a cross-sectional study of people who are HIV positive and their exposure to certain risk factors. Given the nature of this type of study, which would be true? (Select all that apply.)

A) Respondents are a sample that represents the entire population.
B) The results of the study will allow determination of cause and effect.
C) Data represent a point in time.
D) Data are gathered via a questionnaire or interview.
E) Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups.

Question 2

The nurse studies the association of lead poisoning with residence in a home that was built before 1970. Which needs to be established to show an association between these two variables?

A) A statistical relationship between lead poisoning and residence in a home built before 1970
B) That the presence or absence of residence in a home built before 1970 determines the presence or absence, respectively, of lead poisoning
C) A relative risk of 1
D) A p value > 0.1

joshbk44 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

Ans: A, C, D
Feedback:
Cross-sectional studies (prevalence studies) are an example of public health survey research. Survey research focuses on the collection of information regarding the status quo of some situation(s) by questionnaire or by interviews with a sample of respondents. The main principle of survey research is that the sample of respondents must represent the population from which it was drawn. In this type of study, the population to be studied is defined, and data are collected from members of the group about their disease and exposure status. The data represent a point in time; therefore, they provide a snapshot of the population. Cross-sectional studies are good for examining the relationship between a variable and a disease/condition but not for determining cause and effect, which requires the collection of data over time. Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups in randomized, control group intervention studies, not in cross-sectional studies.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: A
Feedback:
An association is a statistical relationship between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. Causality is the relationship between two variables in which the presence or absence of one variable (the cause) determines the presence or absence of the other (the effect). A relative risk not significantly different from 1 (statistically) indicates that there is no association between the exposure and the risk of disease. A p value > 0.1 indicates a lack of statistical relationship.