The right an individual has to be told that he is a potential ...

[folubunmi]

The right an individual has to be told that he is a potential participant in a research study and may decide not to be so best defines which of the following human rights?
 
  a. Beneficence
  b. Justice
  c. Privacy
  d. Self-determination

Question 2

A graduate student receives a mailed survey asking her to participate in research about unpleasant experiences in graduate school.
 
  She is asked to return the survey, and the instructions say, Return of this instrument implies consent. Why does this constitute consent?
  a. Studies like this are exempt from institutional review board oversight, so consent is not required.
  b. Not returning the survey constitutes refusal, and subjects may indeed refuse by not completing the survey. The opposite is equally true.
  c. The study is anonymous, so there is no risk of disclosure.
  d. Only interventional research requires consent.

[moormoney]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
The right to self-determination holds that because humans are capable of self-determination, or controlling their own destiny, they should be treated as autonomous agents who have the freedom to conduct their lives as they choose without external controls. Privacy is an individual's right to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances under which personal information will be shared with or withheld from others. Justice holds that each person should be treated fairly and should receive what he or she is due or owed. The right to protection from discomfort and harm is based on the ethical principle of beneficence, which holds that one should do good and, above all, do no harm.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The requirements for written consent may be waived in research that presents no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects and involves no procedures for which written consent is normally required outside of the research context. For example, if questionnaires are used to collect relatively harmless data, a signed consent form from the subjects would not be required. The subject's completion of the questionnaire may serve as consent. The top of the questionnaire might contain a statement such as Your completion of this questionnaire indicates your consent to participate in this study.

[folubunmi]

Excellent

[pratush dev]

TYSM