Administrative guidance refers to
a. the practice of the Japanese government to set long-term goals with regard to technological innovation.
b. the practice of the Japanese government to regularly issue contradictory regulations leaving private firms unsure of how to react.
c. the command economy structures of the Japanese government.
d. informal guidance given to a private firm by a government agency that raises issues of transparency and collusion.
e. the practice of the Japanese government of issuing flexible administrative rules rather than strict formal regulations, thus effectively giving private firms a free hand to do as they wish.
Question 2
Bureaucrats have broad discretion in interpreting law and administrative regulations.
a. True
b. False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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