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When blood is exposed to air, it clots. Heparin allows the blood to come in direct contact with air without clotting.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.
Though methadone is often used to treat dependency on other opioids, the drug itself can be abused. Crushing or snorting methadone can achieve the opiate "rush" desired by addicts. Improper use such as these can lead to a dangerous dependency on methadone. This drug now accounts for nearly one-third of opioid-related deaths.
Human kidneys will clean about 1 million gallons of blood in an average lifetime.
Long-term mental and physical effects from substance abuse include: paranoia, psychosis, immune deficiencies, and organ damage.