Most of the research on the etiology of phobias has been retrospective, meaning that:
a. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs many years after the development of their phobias
b. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs ongoing throughout years of the development of their phobias
c. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs six months after the development of their phobias
d. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs many years after the development of their phobias has not occurred
e. None of the above
Question 2
Previously, it had been thought that all fears in children came about through Rachman's (1976, 1977) pathways to fear acquisition:
a. direct classical conditioning
b. vicarious conditioning
c. information/instruction
d. A and b only
e. A, b, and c