Answer to Question 1
Answer: The ideal answer will include:
1. Development is defined as change directed toward improving human welfare.
2. Two approaches to international development are growth-oriented development and distributional development.
3. The former emphasizes economic growth by allowing some people to get rich on the assumption that benefits will trickle down to low-income people.
4. The second supports attention to social distribution of resources and wealth rather than relying on trickle-down effects.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: The ideal answer will include:
1. A social impact assessment is a study conducted to predict the potential social costs and benefits of particular innovations before change is undertaken.
2. Research by cultural anthropologists shows that people need to be informed about possible changes to their culture by innovations in advance, so that they can make an informed decision about whether to change or not.
3. The importance is that such advance awareness could prevent disastrous unforeseen consequences.
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