Answer to Question 1
B, C, E, F
a. Incorrect. Culture is likely to influence the mental health of an older adult and influence how the individual adapts but does not necessarily interfere with adaptation.
b. Correct. A life event can interfere with the mental health of an older adult because the ex-perience can interfere with the older adult's ability to adapt to the situation.
c. Correct. Physical illness can interfere with the mental health of an older adult because the illness can interfere with the individual's adaptive ability.
d. Incorrect. Substance abuse is likely to interfere with the mental health of an older adult but has a variable impact on the ability to adapt.
e. Correct. A cognitive impairment can interfere with the mental health of an older adult be-cause this impairment can destroy the older adult's ability to adapt to new situations.
f. Correct. Development transitions can interfere with the mental health of an older adult be-cause the individual can lack suitable skills necessary for adaptation through the transi-tional period.
Answer to Question 2
A
Constipation is present when fewer than three bowel movements occur per week or when the frequency decreases. Mineral oil and saline laxatives can be harmful. Fiber, fruit, and fluids are the first recommendations; stimulant laxatives such as senna and cascara can be used on a short-term basis. Altered cognitive status, increased agitation, and unexplained falls can be symptoms of constipation; these behaviors may be the only clinical symptom of constipation in cognitively impaired older persons. Excessive sleep has not been identified as a symptom. Liquid feces may be leaking around a fecal impaction, and antidiarrheal treatment can aggravate the impaction.
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