Answer to Question 1
C
Morphine sulfate (Morphine), oxycodone (Oxycontin), hydrocodone (Hycodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), and fentanyl (Sublimaze) are opioids that can be safely used with older patients. Me-peridine and pentazocine are both contraindicated for older adults because their metabolites can produce confusion, psychotic behavior, and seizures. Used properly, opioids have a lower risk of certain side effects than nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs).
Answer to Question 2
A
Holistic nursing integrates all aspects of an individual's life into the plan of care by balancing an individual's internal and external environment with psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and physical processes.
Healthy People 2020, an updated document from 2000 that outlines the goals for achieving health in this country, is a mandate for health care professionals to follow with 467 objectives in 28 focus areas. Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs provides a basis for understanding indi-viduals in context and for ranking nursing assessments, diagnoses, goals, and interventions in order of importance. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Requirements lists human needs, including the need for air, fluids, nutrition, hygiene, elimination, activity, comfort, relief from suffering, and skin integrity. The nurse helps individuals meet these needs to achieve optimal health and well-ness.
These older adults are participating in an exercise class at their assisted-living facility
Opioid receptors
Examples of Acute Conditions
Instructing the Patient in Collecting a Stool Specimen
Medical Gymnasts Assist Patient in Performing Movements, 1909.
Older mothers more often deliver multiples—twins, triplets, or quads