A nurse assesses older adults at risk for pressure ulcers. Which ...

[cmoore54]

A nurse assesses older adults at risk for pressure ulcers. Which of the following assessment tools should the nurse use to identify those who might benefit from interventions? (Select all that apply.)
 
  A) Braden Scale
  B) Norton Scale
  C) PUSH Scale
  D) Reverse staging
  E) Waterloo Scale

Question 2

A nurse presents at a conference about the concept of sleep. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
 
  A) Increased sleep efficiency is considered a normal, age-related change.
  B) Sleep efficiency is quite consistent across different age groups.
  C) Both pathologic conditions and age-related changes influence sleep efficiency.
  D) Older adults often experience increased sleep latency and decreased numbers of awakenings.

[vickybb89]

Answer to Question 1

Ans: A, B, E
Braden Scale has been recommended for identifying older adults who are at risk for the development of pressure ulcers. The Norton and Waterloo scales are also commonly used, with reviews of studies indicating that all three of these scales can help identify clients at risk for pressure ulcers. PUSH is a staging system, which rates current pressure ulcers, and reverse staging is not a recommended practice.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: C
Age-related changes and pathologic conditions together contribute to the decreased sleep efficiency associated with older age. Sleep efficiency tends to decrease, not increase, with increasing age and is not generally consistent with that of younger people. Older adults tend to experience both increased sleep latency (time required to fall asleep) and increased numbers of awakenings during the night.