According to the text, why has policy implementation had a low priority in most recent presidential administrations?
a. Past presidents who have participated in policy implementation have often taken the blame for failed policies.
b. The public doesn't see policy implementation as an important governmental activity and recent presidents have strived for public approval.
c. Presidents know they will receive little credit if policies are managed well because it is very difficult to attribute effective implementation to them personally.
d. It has fallen to the backburner with more pressing issues like national security and the economy taking priority.
Question 2
_______ occurs when the national government, by direction or indirection, imposes program costs on state and local governments.
a. Gerrymandering
b. Incremental budgeting
c. Compliance
d. Cost shifting
A model for priority setting
Flynn Effect IQ scores have risen across developed countries in recent decades. Source: Flynn (199
The environmental policy changes over time
Scientific monitoring with environmental policy (SOER)
Average quarterly presidential approval rating, from Eisenhower to Trump
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