Answer to Question 1
This common currency was based on economic theories suggesting that sharing a currency across borders had many advantages, such as lower transaction costs, more certainty for investors, enhanced competition, and more consistent pricing. A common currency could theoretically restrain public spending, reduce debt, and tame inflation. In practical terms, consumers are able to spend money in euro-using countries just as Americans do at home; they can compare the price of a car, for example, in Germany and Italy, and decide to buy the cheaper car, just as an American might buy a car in Utah instead of Colorado.
Answer to Question 2
B