Why are buried oil and gas pipelines vulnerable to damage during a flood?
a. The pipes rise with the rising water level, causing the pipes to break.
b. The large amounts of sediment flowing during a flood puts additional pressure on the pipes.
c. Channel scour can erode down to the pipeline level, and tumbling rocks can sever the pipe.
d. When the levee is overtopped, the dropping water level can expose the pipe, leading to damage.
e. If the oil and gas are shut off, the pipe becomes lighter and can float to the bankfull level.
Question 2
Why do braided streams form in a dry climate instead of meandering streams?
a. The stream flows on a broad, flat surface, so it spreads out and braids.
b. The stream has too little water to carry the total sediment supplied.
c. The stream channel is so shallow that the stream flows easily over its banks.
d. Water soaks down to the water table, so it doesnt ever flow downslope.
e. There are so many channels that they cant help but cross one another to form a braided pattern.
A 100-Year Flood Map of Montpelier, Vermont
Average Global Temperature Rise over the Past Century
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Sea-Level Rise
Fragile and tenuous atmosphere that is vulnerable to the impacts of human activity
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