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In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
In the ancient and medieval periods, dysentery killed about ? of all babies before they reach 12 months of age. The disease was transferred through contaminated drinking water, because there was no way to adequately dispose of sewage, which contaminated the water.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.
Multiple experimental evidences have confirmed that at the molecular level, cancer is caused by lesions in cellular DNA.
In 1886, William Bates reported on the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland that turned out to be epinephrine (adrenaline). In 1904, this drug was first artificially synthesized by Friedrich Stolz.