Answer to Question 1
Desert pavement is thought to form by either (1) deflation lowering the land surface by removing sand and silt from poorly sorted sediment, leaving only gravel and pebbles behind in a cobblestone-type arrangement, or (2) a surface that initially consists of pebbles trapping fine wind-blown sediment at protruding cobbles, forcing the fine grains to settle downward between the pebble spaces.
Answer to Question 2
Due to obstacles (vegetation, rocks, and so on) creating shadows that protect from prevailing winds, grains of sand can be deposited and remain in these wind shadows. Eventually, the sand accumulates into a dune with an asymmetrical profile, the windward slope being gently inclined and the leeward slope being steep. Between this profile and the prevailing winds, sand is continually rolled up the gentle slope and falls down the steep slope (slip face), slowly migrating the dune in the direction of air movement.
Four main models that describe the relationship between ecosystem function and biodiversity.
Formation of an atherosclerotic plaque within a coronary artery; may lead to coronary artery disease
Normal artery versus plaque formation
Inverse Relation Between IQ and Disease. Could this explain the Flynn effect?
Formation of Desert Pavement
General mechanism of egg formation in animals