Answer to Question 1
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a gas produced by phytoplankton that leads to climate change. DMS reacts to produce aerosols in the atmosphere that can act as cloud condensation nuclei, thus assisting in cloud formation. The formation of these clouds leads to lower surface temperatures by increasing the albedo of the Earth.
Answer to Question 2
In large part, people are emigrating from the region because of economic difficulties (e.g., displacement from the land, poverty); and political instability and armed conflict. Emigration is higher, in part, because of the relatively easy access to the more economic prosperous and political stable countries of North America. Most emigrants originate from Mexico, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala; most are destined to the United States, but there are notable migration streams to Canada, Europe, and parts of East Asia. Emigration has been especially important in the amount of remittances that migrants send back to their home communities.
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