Answer to Question 1
Hadley cells
Figure 4-3 from main textbook
Because the distribution of solar energy varies with the season, the Hadley circulation changes seasonally as the region of maximum heating changes and as the equator-to-pole temperature gradient changes in each hemisphere. In the northern hemisphere summer, for example, the ITCZ moves north of the equator and the area of subsidence migrate northward.
Answer to Question 2
The Coriolis Effect is the apparent tendency for a fluid (air or water) moving across Earth's surface to be deflected from its straight-line path. The Coriolis Effect applies to any object moving on a rotating body. East-west movements of surface winds are the result of the Coriolis Effect.