Answer to Question 1
As in the first problem there are different views on this question.
Global warming, ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity are more important than the other environmental and social problems because:
They are too large in scale to consider secondary to any other problems. These three affect the entire planet and could alter the future of human life on Earth and Earth itself.
We could all die or suffer because of global warming, ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity, but disease and homelessness could all be prevented, in theory at least.
Global warming, ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity are less important than the other environmental and social problems because:
They are not as immediately pressing as other social problems
The biggest problems are poverty and war
The Earth as a system has ways of healing and evolving to support life and will continue to do so as long as it exists. (But don't count on this to solve problems like ozone depletion and global warming) However, society has no system of checks and balances.
Answer to Question 2
The Sun produces its energy through nuclear fusion Four hydrogen nuclei (1H) fuse to form one helium nucleus (4He) The core becomes denser The core contracts under its own gravity The core's temperature increases The rate of nuclear fusion increases Energy production within the Sun's core rises The amount of energy emitted at the surface increases The Sun's luminosity increases as it depletes its hydrogen fuel.
Mass Loss by a Supermassive Star
Environmental Monitoring (EM) - viable air particles (Volumetric)
Global Climate Change
Net cooling of the poles and warming at the equator
Global Energy Flow
Creating a loss-of-function CFTR