Answer to Question 1
Answer: Migration has been a constant part of human history. There are various reasons why people migrate. In the modern era, (last 500 years,) there has been movement of large numbers of people over much longer distances than ever before. The main reason reason for this trend is globalization
that began with Europe's voyages of conquest and the establishment of colonies around the world.
In the modern period, Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, and the Netherlands establish colonies around the world. Settler migration also saw the relocation of European populations to overseas colonies primarily to extracting natural wealth and trade. During the 19th century, the largest migration stream was that between Europe and the United States, involving more than 33 million people between 1821 and 1920.
Forced migration from West and Central Africa followed earlier colonization, leading to about 14.5 million African arriving in the New World as slaves between the 17th and 19th centuries. The abolition of slavery saw an influx of destitute and hungry Chinese to European colonies.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: As economic disparities between rich and poor nations continue to widen, international migration also continues to increase with the overwhelming majority of migrants moving from poor to rich countries. With increased and improved communications, information about destinations, and transportation technologies , we are seeing an accelerated ow of economic migrants between world regions.
Globally, Asia, Latin America, and Africa have net out-migration, whereas North America, Europe, and Oceania have net immigration. We are seeing an increased flow of migrants are from Asia to Europe. We are also outflows from Asia to North America and finally, from Latin America to North America. We are also seeing substantial in-migration from Europe to North America and from Asia to Oceania.
East Africa-Arabia: An Example of Modern Rifting
The Oase I mandible, earliest modern human in Europe.
The sensing wire in a typical hot wire mass air flow sensor.
Trends in Air Quality
Migration to the U.S.
Modern Armadillo versus a Fossil Glyptodon