Answer to Question 1
Answer: import-substitution
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Societies with the bulk of their employment in the primary sector are called pre-industrial societies. Many societies still today are pre-industrial and largely engaged in agriculture. As some countries industrialized, many workers found employment in factories, and the proportion of the labor force employed in the primary sector declined. The proportion of workers in the secondary sector increased until, at no precisely defined point, certain societies came to be called industrial societies, in which most jobs were produced by manufacturing. This continuing evolution of some countries' economies has drawn a higher percentage of workers into the tertiary sector, producing services instead of goods. Sometime in the 1940s, the proportion of tertiary employment first exceeded 50, and the United States became the world's first post-industrial society.
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