When Mary thinks about what a dog is, several very different-looking animals come to mind, including greyhounds, German shepherds, cocker spaniels, and Chihuahuas. Which one of the following views of concept learning best characterizes Mary's knowledge of the concept dog?
a. Learning correlational features
b. Prototype
c. Exemplars
d. Hypothesis testing
Question 2
One valuable study skill is the ability to distinguish between important and unimportant information in the material being studied. Three of the following statements are reasons that students at all levels often have trouble identifying important information. Which one is not a valid explanation of why students have such trouble?
a. Students may have insufficient prior knowledge with which to make educated decisions about what is important.
b. The very nature of the reading process is such that students inevitably give equal attention to every piece of information that is on the page.
c. A textbook may give few if any signals about what things are most important to learn and remember.
d. Students often use relatively superficial characteristics of the material (e.g., words in boldface print) as an indicator of what's important.
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