From the perspective of social cognitive theory, which one of the following children most clearly shows a key ingredient of self-regulation?
a. Anne does her chores so that she will get her weekly allowance.
b. Bob is proud of the fact that he always keeps a promise.
c. Carol knows she will be tested on the information being presented in class.
d. Donald refrains from punching a classmate because he thinks his teacher might be watching.
Question 2
Which one of the following best illustrates collective self-efficacy in teachers?
a. The teachers at West Middle School confer weekly about students who they believe are at risk for academic failure, and they are confident that, by working together, they can help these students be successful at school.
b. The teachers at South Elementary School have coordinated what they do at each grade level so that at any particular grade, students master the knowledge and skills they will need in the following grade.
c. The English teachers at East High School have agreed on how they will teach the required freshman English class. That way, students will have a similar classroom experience no matter which teacher they have for the course.
d. A third-grade teacher and a fourth-grade teacher at North Elementary School have combined their two classes into one large class. Sometimes they team-teach the entire group. At other times they divide the class into two smaller groups, one of which is ready for more advanced work than the other.
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The main avenue to the upward social mobility reviewed in the text has been higher education.