In Fujimaro's study on helping fourth graders solve concentration-comparison problems some students received concrete manipulative training and some did not. The results showed that:
a. students who received concrete manipulative training showed greater improvement on solving new problems than those who did not receive the training
b. students with strong prerequisite skills who received concrete manipulative training improved more than those who did not have strong prerequisite skills
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
Question 2
In research by Moreno and Mayer, students learned how to add and subtract signed numbers via a computer-based program. Some students received drill and practice by seeing a problem, typing in an answer, and then seeing the correct answer. Other students received the same problems, but also saw how it could be represented as a bunny moving along a number line on the computer screen. The results indicated:
a. students who received training using the number line learned more than students who received drill and practice
b. students who received drill and practice learned more than students who received training using the number line
c. both groups learned about the same
d. students in the number line group performed worse on problems but had fewer misconceptions