Answer to Question 1
There are six impacts from rapid growth on the populations of rural developing countries:
(1) Overcultivation, soil erosion, and depletion of fertility; (2) Overfishing and depletion of marine stocks; (3) Poaching of wildlife, drugs, corruption, and other illegal activities; (4) Moving to cities, squalor, and disease; (5) migration and immigration pressures on developed countries; and (6) Bringing new land into production through deforestation, draining wetlands, and irrigation. In urban areas, environmental and social impact include: overpopulation in small spaces, conversion and fragmentation of natural ecosystems, concentration of municipal solid waste and human waste, and concentration of pollution.
Answer to Question 2
The three factors are population, affluence, and technology. Developed nations are not exempt from environmental impact because these countries have tremendous affluence and therefore a substantial consumption level. Stewardship is a modifier; attention to wildlife conservation, pollution control, energy conservation and efficiency, and recycling may offset, to some extent, the negative impact of a consumer lifestyle.
Natural selection of a population for dark coloration.
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