How are plate tectonics and sediment deposition linked? What ...

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How are plate tectonics and sediment deposition linked?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

In learning about chemical reactions involving geologic materials, keep in mind the differences among elements, minerals, and rocks.
 
  For each word listed below, indicate whether it refers to an element, a mineral, or a rock. If it refers to a mineral, list the elements that compose the mineral. If it refers to a rock, list the common minerals that compose the rock, and the elements that compose each mineral.
  silicon quartz granite basalt
  iron hematite calcium calcite
  limestone halite rock salt biotite
  aluminum kaolinite feldspar sandstone
 
  What will be an ideal response?

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Answer to Question 1

Tectonics creates a basin, and the sediments that infill the basin reveal relative tectonic activity of adjacent regions. For example, deposition of coarse volcanic grains indicates a recently formed steep-sided volcanic arc.

Answer to Question 2

silicon  element (Si); quartz  mineral with silicon (Si) and oxygen (O); granite  rock, with sodium feldspar (Na, Al, Si, O), potassium feldspar (K, Al, Si, O), quartz (Si, O), biotite (K, Mg, Fe, Al, Si, O, OH ion), amphibole (Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Si, Al, O, OH); basalt  rock, with olivine (Mg, Fe, Si, O), pyroxene (Mg, Fe, Si, O), plagioclase feldspar (Na, Ca, Al, Si, O); iron  element (Fe); hematite  mineral with iron (Fe) and oxygen (O); calcium  element (Ca); calcite  mineral with calcium (Ca), carbon (C), and oxygen (O); limestone  rock, made up of calcite (Ca, C, O); halite  mineral with sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl); rock salt  rock, made up of halite (Na, Cl); biotite  mineral with potassium (K), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and hydroxyl ion(OH); aluminum  element (Al); kaolinite  mineral with aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), hydroxyl ion (OH); feldspar  mineral, potassium variety has K, Al, Si, O, sodium variety has Na, Al, Si, O, and plagioclase has Na, Ca, Al, Si, and O; sandstone  rock, made up of sand-sized grains but does not infer composition of grains; quartz (Si, O) is usually most common.

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