Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
ATC reduces the work of breathing associated with increased ET tube resistance. ATC is de-signed to deliver exactly the amount of pressure required to overcome the resistive load imposed by the ET tube for the flow measured at the time. In a sense, this is providing variable PSV with variable inspiratory flow compensation. Volume-targeted PSV maintains a target volume by var-ying the pressure support level. PSV provides an operator-selected set pressure for every sponta-neous breath. The automode can switch between time-triggered mandatory breaths and pa-tient-triggered, volume-targeted, pressure-limited breaths as long as the patient is breathing spontaneously.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: D
The efficiency of aerosol delivery is similar for a nebulizer and an MDI when the leak port is lo-cated in the circuit and the aerosol device is placed between the leak port and the mask. If the leak port is located in the mask, aerosol delivery is more efficient from an MDI than from a nebu-lizer, provided the MDI is actuated at the beginning of inspiration. Regardless of the device used, more aerosol is lost through the leak port during the exhalation phase of breathing. In-creased aerosol delivery is also more likely when a high inspiratory pressure and a low expiratory pressure are used.
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Pressure