Which of the following is the normal alveolar-to-arterial ...

[penza]

Which of the following is the normal alveolar-to-arterial difference for a 56-year-old female in the emergency department?
 
  a. 12 mm Hg
  b. 14 mm Hg
  c. 16 mm Hg
  d. 18 mm Hg

Question 2

In intubated patients, what do sources of increased imposed work of breathing include? 1. Endotracheal tube 2. Ventilator circuit 3. Auto-PEEP
 
  a. 1 and 2 only
  b. 1 and 3 only
  c. 2 and 3 only
  d. 1, 2, and 3

[livaneabi]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
P(Aa)O2 = (age/4) + 4
P(Aa)O2 = (56/4) + 4
P(Aa)O2 = 18 mm Hg

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
In intubated patients, sources of imposed work of breathing include the endotracheal tube, ven-tilator circuit, and auto-PEEP due to dynamic hyperinflation with airflow obstruction, as is commonly seen in the patient with COPD.

[penza]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[raenoj]

Excellent