Author Question: What is the optimal position of the tip of an intra-aortic balloon pump? a. 2 cm above the carina ... (Read 74 times)

EY67 · **on:** Jul 16, 2018

What is the optimal position of the tip of an intra-aortic balloon pump?

a. 2 cm above the carina
b. 4 cm above the carina
c. 7 cm above the carina
d. In the upper third of the carina

Question 2

What are the two most common reasons for placing a chest tube?

a. Pneumothorax and pleural effusion
b. Pneumothorax and empyema
c. Hemothorax and hydrothorax
d. To place medicine in the pleural space and to withdraw excess fluid

Swizqar · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 16, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
The balloon inflates during diastole and deflates during systole to enhance perfusion of the cor-onary arteries and cardiac output. The radiopaque tip should reside just beyond the origin of the left subclavian artery within the proximal descending thoracic aorta. The carina can be used as a landmark with the tip of the IABP approximately 2 cm above the carina.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The most common indications for a chest tube are pneumothorax (air in the pleural space) and empyema (pus in the pleural space), although chest tubes may also be used to drain blood (hemothorax) or fluid (hydrothorax) or to install a sealant (e.g., the antibiotic doxycycline) to achieve closure of the pleural space, thereby preventing recurrent pneumothorax or hydrothorax.