What receptors are known to cause an increase in ventilation when ...

[mydiamond]

What receptors are known to cause an increase in ventilation when the patient's limbs are moved or cold water is splashed on the patient's face?
 
  a. Irritant receptors
  b. J receptors
  c. Muscle spindles
  d. Peripheral proprioceptors

Question 2

What group of nerve cells senses and responds to changes in the chemical composition of its fluid environment?
 
  a. Chemoreceptors
  b. Gamma-efferent system
  c. Muscle spindle fibers
  d. Proprioceptors

[lin77x]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints, as well as pain receptors in muscles and skin, send stimulatory signals to the medullary respiratory center. Such stimuli increase medullary inspirato-ry activity and cause hyperpnea. For this reason, moving the limbs, slapping or splashing cold water on the skin, and other painful stimuli stimulate ventilation in patients with respiratory de-pression.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Hypercapnia, acidemia, and hypoxemia stimulate specialized nerve structures called chemore-ceptors.