When a Hb molecule accumulates excessive amounts of HCO3, it is ...

[Alainaaa8]

When a Hb molecule accumulates excessive amounts of HCO3, it is expelled from the cell in exchange for Cl. What is this called?
 
  a. Bohr effect
  b. Haldane effect
  c. Hamburger phenomenon
  d. Hydrolysis phenomenon

Question 2

A patient has a P50 value of 29 mm Hg. What does this indicate?
 
  a. Decreased affinity of Hb for O2
  b. Higher than normal Hb saturation for a given PO2
  c. Increased affinity of Hb for O2
  d. Normal position in the HbO2

[Bsand8]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
As the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide continues, HCO3 ions begin to accumulate in the erythro-cyte. To maintain a concentration equilibrium across the cell membrane, some of these anions diffuse outward into the plasma. Because the erythrocyte is not freely permeable by cations, electrolytic equilibrium must be maintained by way of an inward migration of anions. This is achieved by the shifting of chloride ions (Cl) from the plasma into the erythrocyte, a process called the chloride shift, or the Hamburger phenomenon.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Conditions that cause a decrease in Hb affinity for O2 (a shift of the HbO2 curve to the right) in-crease the P50 to higher than normal. A normal P50 is 26 mm Hg.