To what structures do the parietal pleural membranes adhere? ...

[nautica902]

To what structures do the parietal pleural membranes adhere?
 
  a. Fissures
  b. Intrapulmonary bronchi
  c. Lung
  d. Mediastinum

Question 2

Which of the following is the most important ventilatory function of the scalene muscles?
 
  a. Activate if intrathoracic pressure falls to 40 cm H2O.
  b. Elevate and fix the first seven ribs.
  c. Lift upper chest particularly during times of high ventilatory demand.
  d. Support the trachea within the thorax during heavy exercise.

[mohan]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
The parietal pleural membrane lines the chest wall and mediastinum, while the lungs are covered by the visceral pleura.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Three pairs of scalene muscles (scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior) arise from the lower five or six cervical vertebrae and insert on the clavicle and first two ribs (Figure 9-23). They lift the upper chest when active.