Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
The function of the purge valve is to provide a moisture-free environment in the monitoring line of the hi-lo jet tube. Decreasing the rate decreases the mean airway pressure because less time is spent at the inspiratory pressure. Decreasing the positive end-expiratory pressure level decreases the mean airway pressure. Increasing the rate and volume of the sigh breaths increases the mean airway pressure.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: D
When the volume guarantee mode is activated, the ventilator continuously measures and com-pares inspired and expired tidal volume. Each following breath uses the comparisons from the previous breath to make adjustments to the peak inspiratory pressure so that a volume as close as possible to the preset value can be delivered. If there is a positional leak and it is active, the ex-pired tidal volume will be lower than the inspired tidal volume, and the ventilator will increase the pressure to attempt to match the two monitored volumes. This increase in pressure continues if the leak continues. However, if the patient's position changes and the leak is not occurring, the breath delivered will be significantly larger than intended. The limit to the amount of volume is 130 of the targeted volume. At this point, the exhalation valve will open, and no additional ventilator-driven gas will be delivered to the patient. Close monitoring of patient-ventilator in-teraction is needed during use of this mode.
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