Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by which of the following? 1. ...

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Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by which of the following? 1. Encephalitis 2. Diuretic therapy 3. Renal dysfunction 4. Nasogastric suctioning 5. Excessive mechanical ventilatory support
 
  a. 2 and 3 c. 2, 4, and 5
  b. 1 and 5 d. 1, 3, and 4

Question 2

What is the correct interpretation of the following arterial blood gas values: pH = 7.36; PaCO2 = 65 mm Hg; and HCO3 = 35 mEq/L?
 
  a. Chronic respiratory acidosis c. Acute respiratory acidosis
  b. Chronic metabolic alkalosis d. Acute metabolic acidosis

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by encephalitis and excessive mechanical ventilatory support. Diuretic therapy and nasogastric suctioning can cause metabolic alkalosis, and renal dysfunction can cause metabolic acidosis.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
A pH of 7.36 is indicative of an acidosis; a PaCO2 of 65 mm Hg indicates a respiratory acidosis; a HCO3 of 35 mEq/L represents a metabolic alkalosis. Because the pH is greater than 7.35, it is compensated. Therefore, this arterial blood gas value is a compensated respiratory acidosis. This level of blood gas is consistent with chronic ventilatory failure or chronic respiratory acidosis.

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