The atrial kick becomes important to ventricular filling during ...

[B]

The atrial kick becomes important to ventricular filling during which of the following?
 
  a. Atrial flutter c. Ventricular asystole
  b. Atrial fibrillation d. Ventricular tachy-cardia

Question 2

Closure of the semilunar valves and opening of the atrioventricular valves is associated with which heart sound?
 
  a. S1 c. S3
  b. S2 d. S4

[braelync]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
The atrial kick occurs just before the beginning of ventricular systole. Contraction of the atria normally contributes only a small amount of blood to ventricular filling. However, it can contrib-ute a significant amount of blood to ventricular filling if the heart rate is increased and the period of diastasis is reduced. This occurs during ventricular tachycardia, because the higher heart rate results in a reduction in the volume of blood that passively enters the ventricle during atrial dias-tole.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The second heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular relaxation and is associated with closure of the semilunar valves and opening of the atrioventricular valves. The first heart sound occurs at the onset of ventricular contraction and is associated with closure of the atrioventricular valves and opening of the semilunar valves. The third heart sound occurs during early ventricular filling, and the fourth heart sound occurs during atrial contraction.

[B]

Excellent

[Bigfoot1984]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it