A 16-year-old presents at the emergency room with altered mental ...

[kodithompson]

A 16-year-old presents at the emergency room with altered mental status, bradycardia, and cardiac dysrhythmia caused by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. What acidbase imbalance is most likely occurring in this client?
 
  A) Metabolic acidosis
  B) Respiratory acidosis
  C) Metabolic alkalosis
  D) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 2

The nurse is assisting in the delivery of a baby using forceps owing to maternal exhaustion. When documenting the forceps use, forceps deliveries are classified according to which of the following?
 
  A) The station
  B) The presentation
  C) The lie
  D) The length of labor

[ally]

Answer to Question 1

A
Feedback:
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, fasting and starvation, lactic acidosis, salicylate poisoning, alcoholic ketoacidosis, kidney dysfunction and failure, and loss of intestinal secretions. Respiratory acidosis is caused by respiratory center depression, lung disorders, extreme obesity, respiratory muscle paralysis, and kyphoscoliosis. Causes of metabolic alkalosis are excess ingestion or administration of sodium bicarbonate, TPN solutions containing acetate, parenteral solutions containing lactate, or blood transfusions containing citrate; GI loss of hydrogen ions via vomiting, gastric suction, bulimia, diuretic therapy, and loss of chloride and body fluids. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hysteria, hyperventilation, high fever, salicylate (aspirin) poisoning, elevated blood ammonia levels, encephalitis, and mechanical ventilation.

Answer to Question 2

A
Feedback:
Forceps deliveries are classified according to the station of the presenting part, that is, the position of the fetal head in relation to the ischial spines. Midforceps delivery is used when the head is at the ischial spines (engaged), and the station is 0 . The most commonly used forceps procedure is the low forceps, in which the fetal head is on the perineal floor (+3 station).