Three-year-old Julie is shy around other children and fearful of unfamiliar places and events. Julie's parents worry about how inhibited she is and so enroll her in a half-day preschool class that she attends until she begins kindergarten two years later. Based on what research suggests about the stability of temperament, what would you expect of Julie when she reaches adolescence?
a. Julie will be quite outgoing and friendly with peers, and she will eagerly seek out new experiences.
b. Julie will be a little on the shy side but not totally isolated from her peers, and she might be moderately hesitant about new experiences.
c. Julie will be extremely shy in social settings. It may be difficult for her to leave her house, especially on occasions when she does not know exactly what to expect.
d. Julie is likely to have periods of significant depression, especially after puberty.
Question 2
Letitia is a quiet, thoughtful young woman who has several close friends. She enjoys their company on occasion, but she is often just as happy curled up by herself in a comfortable chair reading and writing poetry. If we were to consider three key dimensions of temperament described in the textbookextraversio n/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful controlwe would rate Letitia high on:
a. extraversion/surgency
b. negative affectivity
c. effortful control
d. both negative affectivity and effortful control
Observed Mother–Child Arguments at Five Time Points Over an Eight-Year Period
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