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The lipid bilayer is made of phospholipids. They are arranged in a double layer because one of their ends is attracted to water while the other is repelled by water.
Certain topical medications such as clotrimazole and betamethasone are not approved for use in children younger than 12 years of age. They must be used very cautiously, as directed by a doctor, to treat any child. Children have a much greater response to topical steroid medications.
IgA antibodies protect body surfaces exposed to outside foreign substances. IgG antibodies are found in all body fluids. IgM antibodies are the first type of antibody made in response to an infection. IgE antibody levels are often high in people with allergies. IgD antibodies are found in tissues lining the abdomen and chest.
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system destroys its own healthy tissues. When this occurs, white blood cells cannot distinguish between pathogens and normal cells.
In ancient Rome, many of the richer people in the population had lead-induced gout. The reason for this is unclear. Lead poisoning has also been linked to madness.
![Aneurysm. Photograph of the aorta, the large blood vessel arising from the heart, with a large bulge](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_11_11_12_7_14_25_100201378.jpeg)
![Atherosclerosis. (a) A sectioned coronary artery that exhibits an accumulation of fatty plaque, whic](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_11_11_12_7_14_25_100211581.jpeg)