A nursing instructor is teaching about bipolar disorders. Which ...

[newyorker26]

A nursing instructor is teaching about bipolar disorders. Which statement differentiates the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of a manic episode from a hypomanic episode?
 
  1. During a manic episode, clients may experience an inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, and these symptoms are absent in hypomania.
  2. During a manic episode, clients may experience a decreased need for sleep, and this symptom is absent in hypomania.
  3. During a manic episode, clients may experience psychosis, and this symptom is absent in hypomania.
  4. During a manic episode, clients may experience flight of ideas and racing thoughts, and these symptoms are absent in hypomania.

Question 2

A withdrawn client, diagnosed with schizophrenia, expresses little emotion and refuses to attend group therapy. What altered component of the nervous system should a nurse recognize as being responsible for this behavior?
 
  1. Dendrites2. Axons3. Neurotransmitters4. Synapses

[Kingjoffery]

Answer to Question 1

3
Rationale: Three or more of the following symptoms may be experienced in both hypomanic and manic episodes: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep), more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas and racing thoughts, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., the person engages in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments). If there are psychotic features, the episode is, by definition, manic.

Answer to Question 2

3
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that neurotransmitters play an essential function in the role of human emotion and behavior. Neurotransmitters are targeted and affected by many psychotropic medications.