Answer to Question 1
Ans: C
Korsakoff's amnesic syndrome, also known as psychosis, is associated with alcoholism and involves the heart and the vascular and nervous systems, but the primary problem is acquiring new information and retrieving memories. Symptoms include amnesia, confabulation, (i.e., telling a plausible but imagined scenario to compensate for memory loss), attention deficit, disorientation, and vision impairment. Wernicke's encephalopathy, a degenerative brain disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, is characterized by vision impairment, ataxia, hypotension, confusion, and coma. Delirium tremens is an acute withdrawal syndrome characterized by autonomic hyperarousal, disorientation, hallucinations, and tremors. Malignant hyperthermia is characterized by a sharp increase in body temperature leading to muscle breakdown, kidney and cardiovascular failure, and death.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: A
Successful smoking cessation usually requires more than one type of intervention, including social support and education. Recent research has shown that nicotine addiction is extremely powerful and is at least as strong as addictions to other drugs, such as heroin and cocaine; 70 of those who quit relapse within 1 year. Auricular therapy, or ear acupressure, is being studied as a potential adjunctive treatment for nicotine addiction. Varenicline tartrate reduces the craving and rewarding effects of nicotine by preventing nicotine from accessing one of the acetylcholine receptor sites involved with nicotine dependence, but it can cause depression and related psychiatric symptoms in some people. This side effect limits its usefulness for people with psychiatric disorders.