The exact cause of bipolar disorder has not been determined; ...

[mcmcdaniel]

The exact cause of bipolar disorder has not been determined; however, for most patients:
 
  a. several factors, including genetics, are implicated.
  b. brain structures were altered by stress early in life.
  c. excess sensitivity in dopamine receptors may trigger episodes.
  d. inadequate norepinephrine reuptake disturbs circadian rhythms.

Question 2

The nurse receives a laboratory report indicating a patient's serum level is 1 mEq/L. The patient's last dose of lithium was 8 hours ago. This result is:
 
  a. within therapeutic limits.
  b. below therapeutic limits.
  c. above therapeutic limits.
  d. invalid because of the time lapse since the last dose.

[Pswine]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
The best explanation at this time is that bipolar disorder is most likely caused by interplay of complex independent variables. Various theories implicate genetics, endocrine imbalance, environmental stressors, and neurotransmitter imbalances.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Normal range for a blood sample taken 8 to 12 hours after the last dose of lithium is 0.4 to 1 mEq/L.

[mcmcdaniel]

TYSM

[xiaomengxian]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it