A parent tells the nurse that her brother has Tourette syndrome ...

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A parent tells the nurse that her brother has Tourette syndrome and she is concerned that her five-year-old son may be at risk for the same disorder. Which is the most appropriate reply?
 
  1. There is no known genetic association in Tourette syndrome.
  2. There may be a genetic predisposition for developing Tourette syndrome.
  3. A person whose uncle has Tourette syndrome will definitely develop the condition.
  4. We do not have any information on the hereditary factors associated with Tourette syndrome.

Question 2

A nurse is describing the multifactorial perspective of mental health and illness to the parents of a child recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Which statement would the nurse utilize when describing this approach?
 
  1. Exposure to drugs and alcohol has been associated with psychiatric disorders.
  2. Early psychological trauma may create deficits or abnormalities in brain structure.
  3. The child's genetically determined attributes and life experiences interact to influence mental health outcomes.
  4. The feedback mechanism appears dysfunctional, creating neurotoxic effects on brain development and function.

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Answer to Question 1

Answer: 2
Explanation: Genetic associations have been found in Tourette syndrome. The impact of environmental effects, heterogeneity, and other factors complicate what this means for diagnosis and treatment of children with this disorder, and no definite cause-effect relationship has been determined. Advances in genetic technology have implicated genetic associations in Tourette syndrome.

Answer to Question 2

Answer: 3
Explanation: The best explanation of the multifactorial nature of psychiatric disorders is that genetically determined attributes and life experiences interact to influence mental health outcomes. Discussing the association of exposure to drugs and alcohol to psychiatric disorders partially explains complications occurring during the perinatal period as a cause of some mental illnesses. Discussing the effects of early psychological trauma on brain structure partially explains nervous system responsiveness. Discussing feedback mechanism dysfunction would provide a partial explanation of neuroendocrine reactivity.