Answer to Question 1
The three main production phases currently used by most producers in the U.S. are:
1 . Breeding/gestation/farrowing
2 . Nursery
3 . Finishing
Answer to Question 2
The disadvantages of confinement systems include:
1 . A large capital outlay is required to start up a system.
2 . Once the system of buildings is constructed, there is little short-term flexibility to change the size of the system if market situations warrant such a change.
3 . Confinement buildings generally have high energy requirements and a need for alternate/backup energy sources in case of power failure.
4 . Because a high degree of mechanization is involved, periodic maintenance and replacement of equipment is necessary.
5 . Sufficient land must be available to dispose of the large amounts of manure that are produced by the system.
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