Quasi experimental designs that involve two preexisting groups ...

[jon_i]

Quasi experimental designs that involve two preexisting groups have as a problem that
 
  a. The focus is entirely on individuals
  b. Alternative hypotheses cannot ever be ruled out
  c. Differences between the groups may have existed before the experiment started
  d. They are by definition confounded

Question 2

A danger in labeling a pre-existing groups as though they were independent variables is
 
  a. Not realizing that groups are always dependent variables
  b. That true differences may be obscured
  c. Not looking at individual scores
  d. That variability is increased

[batool]

Answer to Question 1

c

Answer to Question 2

b

[jon_i]

Excellent

[atrochim]

TYSM