Answer to Question 1
4. Disagreements are not addressed among members and are ignored by the person who does the most talking.
Rationale:
An authoritarian setting is one in which one or more members set firm, nonnegotiable limits and other members may be cautious in expressing their feelings because of power struggles, hostility, or anger. Nurses should pay special attention to who does the talking for the family, which members are silent, how disagreements are handled, and how well the members listen to one another and encourage the participation of others. Nonverbal communication is important because it gives valuable clues about what people are feeling. Even though some members are more vocal, at least all are participating in the discussion. Verbal communication should be congruent with nonverbal cues. Listening is an art, and not all members of a family need to speak in the same setting.
Answer to Question 2
1. Establishing an open airway and administering oxygen
Rationale:
Airway patency and oxygen delivery (breathing) are always first in the treatment for a client with health concerns. Replacement of volume is vital but would follow establishing airway and breathing. Pain would be a consideration but would not be attended to as a first priority. Airway patency and replacement of volume are priorities before assessing the cause of the bleeding.
Nurse collaboration
Massage Therapist, c. 1985.
Summary of the Elements of a Swedish Massage Session
Nurse using a stethoscope
The nurse begins the general survey
Family Tree