A nurse tells a client who is struggling with cancer pain, It is ...

[schs14]

A nurse tells a client who is struggling with cancer pain, It is normal to feel frustrated about the discomfort..
 
  Which of the following is most representative of the skills associated with the working phase of the helping relationship? 1. Respect
   2. Genuineness
   3. Confronting
   4. Concreteness

Question 2

The nurse assessing a client for symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) realizes that the earliest manifestation to occur in the course of the disease is:
 
  1. Clubbing of the fingers.
   2. Cyanotic nail beds.
   3. Dysrhythmias.
   4. Cough in the morning producing clear sputum.

[strudel15]

Answer to Question 1

1. Respect

Rationale:
Respect is correct because the nurse is validating the client's feeling. It is not genuineness because the nurse is giving information versus making a personal statement. Rather than being confrontational by pointing out discrepancies between thoughts, feelings, and actions that inhibit the client's self-understanding or exploration of specific areas, the nurse is being supportive by respecting the client's feelings. Concreteness involves assisting the client by giving specific examples rather than speaking in generalities.

Answer to Question 2

4. Cough in the morning producing clear sputum

Rationale:
The earliest presenting symptom of COPD is a morning cough with clear sputum unless the client develops an infection, in which case the sputum would become yellow or green in color. With the progression of COPD the body compensates by producing extra red blood cells. These extra blood cells clog the small blood vessels of the fingers leading to the development of cyanotic nail beds and clubbing of the fingertips. Enlargement and thickening of the right ventricle of the heart often results in dysrhythmias.

[schs14]

Great answer, keep it coming

[bdobbins]

Gracias!