Which of these congenital defects may recur, even after ...

[mydiamond]

Which of these congenital defects may recur, even after correction?
 
  a. congenital talipes equinovarus c. hydrocephalus
  b. hip dysplasia d. pyloric stenosis

Question 2

During the first 24 hours of life, which of these signs may be the FIRST indication that a newborn may have Hirschsprung's disease?
 
  a. has projectile vomiting and visible peristaltic waves
  b. fails to pass a stool
  c. has numerous black, tarry, mucous stools
  d. turns dusky and chokes during any attempt at oral feedings

[Dunkey]

Answer to Question 1

A
Congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is characterized by a foot with a clublike appearance; the entire foot is inverted, the heel is drawn up, and the forefoot is adducted. Manipulation and casting of the foot is needed. After several weeks of casting, a splint with a shoe attached is used for several months. If the condition does not improve, surgery is needed. The nurse must teach cast care, monitor for complications, and facilitate normal development.

Answer to Question 2

B
Hirschsprung's disease/megacolon is a partial or complete mechanical obstruction resulting from inadequate motility of part of the colon. There is an absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells, which causes an absence of peristalsis. The affected portion of the bowel narrows, becomes dilated, and fills with feces and gas. An infant usually does not have a bowel movement within the first 24 hours. The nurse should assess for passage of stool in the first 24 hours, observe for constipation and malformed stools, and assess weight gain and nutritional status.