Answer to Question 1
B, C, D
A client's preanesthetic preparation for surgery in which general anesthesia will be administered begins with the withholding of food and fluids for a designated period, usually at least 8 hours before the procedure. Keeping the client's stomach as empty as possible reduces the possibility for aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs during surgery. The client's regularly scheduled medications are usually administered on the day of surgery with a minimal amount of water; the anesthesia provider specifies how these medications should be managed (e.g., which medications should be administered and which should be withheld). Other medications may be prescribed for the client in preparation for surgery. The client must also sign a form indicating informed consent for administration of anesthesia.
Answer to Question 2
C
Esophageal varices are enlarged, twisted esophageal veins that are usually associated with chronic liver obstruction such as occurs in cirrhosis; they are asymptomatic until they rupture and hemorrhage. Medical management includes medications prescribed to prevent esophageal irritation, to control bleeding, and to control pain following sclerotherapy. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the client's vital signs and overall condition for evidence of bleeding and alleviating client anxiety. Teaching should include avoiding medications, which will promote bleeding such as NSAIDs, aspirin, and anticoagulants.
LASIK surgery uses a laser to reshape the cornea.
Preparation of sterile field 1
Downstream Process - Inoculum Preparation & Expansion
A hot stone placed under the client’s neck.
Preparation of vesicles and bilayers
The General Process of Sensation