Answer to Question 1
B
Preoperative teaching is most useful when started the week before admission and reinforced immediately before surgery. Teaching performed when the patient is less anxious will result in more effective learning. Anxiety and fear are barriers to learning.
Answer to Question 2
B
Antidiuretic hormone regulates osmolality of body fluids by influencing how much water is excreted in urine. The hypothalamus controls release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland. Head injury may cause altered urine output by injuring the hypothalamus or pituitary. A head injury would not involve the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex releases aldosterone in response to increased plasma potassium concentration or as the end product of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Renin, released by the kidneys, acts on the inactive protein angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I. Other enzymes in the lung capillaries convert to angiotensin II. Again, there is no direct correlation to head injury. Body temperature does not reflect fluid imbalance directly.
Taking a Patient’s Axillary Temperature
bladder cancer
Near side of the Moon
Each patient is greeted by the receptionist.
A patient examination room should be simple and efficiently designed.
A patient undergoing hemodialysis.